Introduction In Vietnam, the term “red invoice” is commonly used to refer to a VAT invoice, particularly an electronic VAT invoice issued by a business to document the sale of goods or provision of services. Although Vietnam has moved extensively toward electronic invoicing, businesses still commonly use the expression “red invoice” in accounting, tax, and commercial discussions. An invoice is not merely an accounting document. It can be important evidence supporting VAT dedu

Published: 2026 Edition Category: International Taxation | Accounting | Business | Finance Introduction Expanding a business internationally is no longer limited to multinational corporations. Thanks to globalization and digital commerce, startups, SMEs, and freelancers increasingly operate across multiple jurisdictions. However, every country has its own accounting standards, tax regulations, reporting requirements, and compliance obligations. Four of the world's most attrac

Introduction In today’s global economy, multinational companies rarely operate within the borders of a single country. A company may manufacture products in one country, own intellectual property in another, and sell products across dozens of markets simultaneously. As businesses expand internationally, one critical tax concept becomes increasingly important: transfer pricing. Transfer pricing affects multinational corporations, tax authorities, investors, accountants, audito