Law

Global Privacy Laws and Penalties for Infringement: A Comprehensive Guide for Businesses 1. Introduction Personal data has become one of the most valuable assets in the global economy. Businesses collect and process customer information, employee records, payment details, online identifiers, location data and other personal information to support their operations, improve customer experiences and develop new products. However, collecting personal data also creates legal and o

A Practical Guide to Recording Pre-Incorporation Expenses for Tax and Accounting Purposes Launching a business in Vietnam often requires founders to spend money before the company is officially established. These costs may include market research, legal consulting, office rental deposits, business registration fees, branding, software subscriptions, recruitment, and feasibility studies. A common question among entrepreneurs, foreign investors, and finance teams is: Can expens

Everything Businesses Need to Know About Company Seals Under Vietnamese Law A company seal has long been regarded as an official symbol of a business, representing its legal identity and authority when executing contracts and corporate documents. Although Vietnam's enterprise laws have become increasingly flexible regarding the use and management of company seals, they continue to play an important role in daily business operations. For newly established companies, foreign in

Everything You Need to Know Before Issuing Your First Electronic Invoice Starting a new company in Vietnam involves more than obtaining an Enterprise Registration Certificate (ERC) and Tax Identification Number (TIN). Before you can legally issue invoices to customers, your business must complete the electronic invoice (e-invoice) registration process in accordance with Vietnamese tax regulations. Since Vietnam has fully transitioned to mandatory electronic invoices, understa

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A Step-by-Step Guide from Legal Registration to Tax, Banking, and Accounting Setup Starting a business in Vietnam has become increasingly attractive thanks to the country's rapid economic growth, strategic location, expanding consumer market, and numerous free trade agreements. Whether you are a local entrepreneur, a foreign investor, or an overseas Vietnamese returning to invest, understanding the company formation process can save significant time, cost, and compliance risk

Introduction Risk management has become one of the most critical components of corporate governance in modern organizations. Businesses face increasing operational, financial, regulatory, cybersecurity, and strategic risks that require structured oversight and accountability. One of the most widely adopted frameworks for managing corporate risk is the Three Lines of Defense Model. This model establishes clear responsibilities across different functions within an organization

Introduction For foreign investors establishing companies in Vietnam, one of the most important compliance requirements is opening and properly using a Capital Investment Bank Account (often called a Direct Investment Capital Account or DICA). Improper use of these accounts may create significant legal, tax, foreign exchange, and profit remittance risks. This article provides a comprehensive overview of regulations governing the opening and usage of capital investment account

Introduction Commercial activities form the backbone of every market economy, and Vietnam is no exception. As Vietnam continues integrating into global markets through free trade agreements and increasing foreign investment, understanding the legal framework governing commercial activities becomes increasingly important. Vietnam’s Commercial Law provides the legal foundation for buying and selling goods, service provision, investment activities, logistics, commercial intermed

Introduction Contracts are fundamental to commercial activities, investment transactions, employment relationships, and everyday business operations. In Vietnam, contract law provides the legal framework governing how agreements are formed, performed, amended, and enforced. Vietnam's contract law system is primarily governed by the Civil Code 2015, together with specialized laws such as commercial regulations, labor laws, construction regulations, investment laws, and other s

Introduction Corporate governance plays a critical role in ensuring transparency, accountability, efficiency, and legal compliance within businesses. In Vietnam, corporate governance requirements vary significantly depending on the type of enterprise structure selected. Under current Vietnamese laws—primarily the Enterprise Law 2020 and related regulations—different enterprise structures have different requirements regarding management bodies, decision-making authority, owner

Introduction Vietnam has become one of the fastest-growing economies in Southeast Asia, attracting both domestic entrepreneurs and foreign investors. Understanding Vietnam Enterprise Law is essential for anyone planning to establish, operate, restructure, or invest in a business in Vietnam. The current legal framework governing enterprises in Vietnam is primarily based on the Enterprise Law 2020, which took effect on January 1, 2021, together with related decrees, circulars,

Introduction Vietnam has emerged as one of Southeast Asia’s most attractive investment destinations. Strong economic growth, competitive labor costs, strategic geographic location, and expanding international trade relationships have attracted significant domestic and foreign investment. However, before investing in Vietnam, understanding the legal framework governing investments is essential. Vietnam’s Investment Law establishes the rules, procedures, incentives, restriction